Depending on the clinician or researcher needs, instrument selection would depend on the recall period and the DPA construct being measured.
Only 4 subjective measures that have established test-retest reliability and that provide an estimate of energy expenditure, metabolic equivalents, or minutes of DPA were compared against accelerometry or a DPA diary in patients with heart disease SWISS Physical Activity Questionnaire, Total Activity Measure 1 and 2, and Mobile Physical Activity Logger. Depending on the clinician or researcher needs, instrument selection would depend on the recall period and the DPA construct being measured.Physical inactivity is often reported in youth and differs among boys and girls. The aim of this study is to assess sex/gender considerations in intervention studies promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior in youth using a sex/gender checklist.
A systematic search was conducted in August 2018 to identify all relevant controlled trials. Studies screened must have reported a quantified measure of physical activity and/or sedentary behavior, and identified participants by sex/gender at baseline. For evaluation of the sex/gender consideration, the authors used a sex/gender checklist developed by expert consensus.
The authors reviewed sex/gender considerations in all aspects of intervention development, implementation, and evaluation in 217 studies. Sex/gender aspects were only rudimentarily taken into account, most frequently during statistical analyses, such as stratification or interaction analysis.
Sex/gender effects are not sufficiently reported. To develop guidelines that are more inclusive of all girls and boys, future interventions need to document sex/gender differences and similarities, and explore whether sex/gender influences different phases of intervention programs. The newly developed sex/gender checklist can hereby be used as a tool and guidance to adequately consider sex/gender in the several steps of intervention planning, implementation, and evaluation.
Sex/gender effects are not sufficiently reported. To develop guidelines that are more inclusive of all girls and boys, future interventions need to document sex/gender differences and similarities, and explore whether sex/gender influences different phases of intervention programs. The newly developed sex/gender checklist can hereby be used as a tool and guidance to adequately consider sex/gender in the several steps of intervention planning, implementation, and evaluation.To examine the associations between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with walking capacity and the effects of reallocating time from SB to PA in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) using compositional data analysis.
This cross-sectional study included 178 patients (34% females, mean age = 66 [9]y, body mass index = 27.8 [5.0]kg/m2, and ankle-brachial index = 0.60 [0.18]). Walking capacity was assessed as the total walking distance (TWD) achieved in a 6-minute walk test, while SB, light-intensity PA, and moderate to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) were measured by a triaxial accelerometer and conceptualized as a time-use composition. Associations between time reallocation among wake-time behaviors and TWD were determined using compositional isotemporal substitution models.
A positive association of MVPA with TWD (relative to remaining behaviors) was found in men (βilr = 66.9, SE = 21.4, P = .003) and women (βilr = 56.5, SE = 19.8; P = .005). Reallocating 30minutes per week from SB to MVPA was associated with higher TWD in men (6.7m; 95% confidence interval, 2.6-10.9m) and women (4.5m; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-7.5m).
The findings highlight, using a compositional approach, the beneficial and independent association of MVPA with walking capacity in patients with symptomatic PAD, whereas SB and light-intensity PA were not associated.
The findings highlight, using a compositional approach, the beneficial and independent association of MVPA with walking capacity in patients with symptomatic PAD, whereas SB and light-intensity PA were not associated.The study determined whether the increase in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of psoas major, which is known as a hip-flexion muscle, by resistance training combined with running training improves the performance of long-distance runners.
Subjects were 8 well-trained male long-distance runners. The personal best time in a 5000-m race was 1510.0 (020.5) (mean [SD]). Each subject performed resistance training twice per week with running training for 12 weeks. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pyrvinium.html The authors used 3 resistance training regimens that would train the hip flexor muscles. Training intensity was a maximum of 10 repetitions. The training amount was 3 sets × 10 times during the first 4 weeks followed by 4 sets × 10 times during the last 8 weeks. The authors measured the CSA of psoas major using magnetic resonance imaging and the performance of long-distance runners using a constant velocity running test before (pre) and after (post) the training term.
The combination training significantly (P &lt; .01, d = 0.34) increased the CSA of psoas major (pre 16.2 [1.5]cm2, post 16.7 [1.4]cm2) and significantly (P &lt; .01, d = 1.41) improved the duration of the constant velocity running test (pre 500 [108]s, post 715 [186]s). Moreover, multiple regression analysis showed that the pre to post change in the duration of the constant velocity exercise was significantly correlated with the change in CSA of the psoas major.
The authors suggest that resistance training of psoas major with running training is correlated with an improvement in the performance of long-distance runners.
The authors suggest that resistance training of psoas major with running training is correlated with an improvement in the performance of long-distance runners.To investigate whether including heat and altitude exposures during an elite team-sport training camp induces similar or greater performance benefits.
The study assessed 56 elite male rugby players for maximal oxygen uptake, repeated-sprint cycling, and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 2 (Yo-Yo) before and after a 2-week training camp, which included 5 endurance and 5 repeated-sprint cycling sessions in addition to daily rugby training. Players were separated into 4 groups (1)control (all sessions in temperate conditions at sea level), (2)heat training (endurance sessions in the heat), (3)altitude (repeated-sprint sessions and sleeping in hypoxia), and (4)combined heat and altitude (endurance in the heat, repeated sprints, and sleeping in hypoxia).
Training increased maximal oxygen uptake (4% [10%], P = .017), maximal aerobic power (9% [8%], P &lt; .001), and repeated-sprint peak (5% [10%], P = .004) and average power (12% [14%], P &lt; .001) independent of training conditions. Yo-Yo distance increased (16% [17%], P &lt; .